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, transportation networks, and water treatment plants, increasingly rely on AI-driven decision-making for efficiency and autonomy. However, these systems face unique safety challenges. Real-world conditions
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external control. Autonomous agents that can perceive, reason, plan, act, and learn, together with self-configuring, self-healing, and self-optimising behaviours, provide the foundational principles
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manufacturing (OECD, 2025 ). Regions across England face critical water security challenges due to high population density, intensive agriculture, and shifts in climate towards drier summers and higher
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impacts across domestic and water-intensive sectors such as agriculture, power generation, and manufacturing (OECD, 2025 ). Regions across England face critical water security challenges due to high
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understanding of the impacts of disruption to transport infrastructure to help better inform the modelling of human responses to such events. The PhD project will suit students from any quantified background