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                in the front (entire block), MPA in the back (star shaped) © MPE Our PhD students do their research in one of our participating institutes. These institutes include the Max Planck Institute 
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                and framing of the research questions, including the defence of the proposal in front of a committee. Field work in the home country (about six months): PhD students go to their countries of origin 
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                . The following courses form the core of the programme and are repeatedly held every year: A colloquium that offers students the possibility to present and discuss their research projects in front of 
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                into the programme, each doctoral student will be required to present a written project proposal and to defend the proposal in front of his or her doctoral committee. Problems regarding the competence and scientific